As you continue to progress in Hindi, it will no doubt be useful to you to be able to ask questions about the language in Hindi itself, rather than having to resort to English for explanations. Some basic terminology first:

शब्द	(m. noun) Word
वाक्य	(m. noun) Sentence
व्याकरण	(m. noun) Grammar
व्यंजन	(m. noun) Consonant
स्वर	(m. noun) Vowel
संज्ञा	(m. noun) Noun
विशेषण	(m. noun) Adjective
क्रिया	(f. noun) Verb

If you get stuck on a word, you could always look it up in your शब्दकोश (dictionary) to find the मतलब (meaning), or try to figure it out from प्रसंग (context).

Here are some other words about words:

भाषा	(f. noun) Language
भाषिकी	(f. noun) Linguistics
रिसाला	(m. noun) Magazine
अख़बार	(m. noun) Newspaper
कविता	(f. noun) Poem
कहानी	(f. noun) Story
अनुवाद	(m. noun) Translation